Day 2 Linux Fundamentals

Basic linux commands

Listing commands

ls option_flag arguments --> list the sub directories and files avaiable in the present directory

Examples:

ls -l--> list the files and directories in long list format with extra information
ls -a --> list all including hidden files and directory
ls *.sh --> list all the files having .sh extension.
ls -i --> list the files and directories with index numbers inodes
ls -d */ --> list only directories.(we can also specify a pattern)

Directoy commands

pwd --> print work directory. Gives the present working directory.
cd path_to_directory --> change directory to the provided path
cd ~ or just cd --> change directory to the home directory
cd - --> Go to the last working directory.
cd .. --> change directory to one step back.
cd ../.. --> Change directory to 2 levels back.
mkdir directoryName --> to make a directory in a specific location

Examples:

mkdir newFolder              # make a new folder 'newFolder'

mkdir .NewFolder              # make a hidden directory (also . before a file to make it hidden)

mkdir A B C D                  #make multiple directories at the same time

mkdir /home/user/Mydirectory   # make a new folder in a specific location

mkdir -p  A/B/C/D              # make a nested directory

s --> The ls command is used to list files or directories in Linux and other Unix-based operating systems.

ls -l--> Type the ls -l command to list the contents of the directory in a table format with columns including.

   - content permissions
   - number of links to the content
   - owner of the content
   - group owner of the content
   - size of the content in bytes
   - last modified date / time of the content
   - file or directory name

ls -a --> Type the ls -a command to list files or directories including hidden files or directories. In Linux, anything that begins with a . is considered a hidden file.